References

Allen, R. D. & McKay, C. B. (1930). Measuring the effect of guidance by the holding power of a senior high school. Junior-Senior High School Clearing House, 5(1), 18-21. http://www.jstor.com/stable/30173264

American Diploma Project. (2004). Ready or not: Creating a high school diploma that counts: Executive summary. American Diploma Project, Achieve. https://www.achieve.org/files/ReadyorNot.pdf

Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives (Abridged). Longman.

Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2020). Kids count data book: State trends in child well-being. https://www.aecf.org/resources/2020-kids-count-data-book/

Appleton, J. J., Christenson, S. L., & Furlong, M. J. (2008). Student engagement with school: critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20303

Argyris, C. (1976). Increasing leadership effectiveness. Wiley.https://archive.org/details/increasingleader0000argy/page/n311/mode/2up

Audas, R., & Willms, J. D. (2001). Engagement and dropping out of school: A life-course perspective. Applied Research Branch, Human Resources Development Canada. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255041045_Engagement_and_Dropping_Out_of_School_A_Life-Course_Perspective

Balfanz, R. & Byrnes, V. (2019). Early warning indicators and intervention systems: State of the field. In J. A. Fredricks, A. L. Reschly, & S. L. Christenson’s (Eds.), Handbook of student engagement interventions: Working with disengaged students (pp. 45-55). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813413-9.00004-8

Balfanz, R., Herzog, L., & Mac Iver, D. J. (2007). Preventing student disengagement and keeping students on the graduation path in urban middle-grades schools: Early identification and effective interventions. Educational Psychologist, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520701621079

Berliner, D. C. (2009). Poverty and potential: Out-of-school factors and school success. The Great Lakes Center for Education Research and Practice.

Bertalanffy, L. V. (1969). General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. Braziller.

Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2003). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2017). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership (6th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Budge, K. M. & Parrett, W. H. (2018). Disrupting poverty: Five powerful classroom practices. ASCD.

Caesar, V. & Caesar, C. A. (2006). The high achiever’s guide to happiness. Corwin Press.

California Department of Education. (2019). Cumulative Enrollment Data [Data set]. https://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sd/sd/filesenrcum.asp

Census Reporter. (2019). Dallas, TX. https://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US4819000-dallas-tx/

Chingos, M. M. & Blagg, K. (2017).​ Making sense of state school funding policy. Urban Institute. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/making-sense-state-school-funding-policy

Clotfelter, C. T., Ladd, H. F., & Vigdor, J. L. (2012). Algebra for 8th graders: Evidence on its effects from 10 North Carolina districts (No. w18649). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w18649

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.

Common Core State Standards Initiative. (2019). Development Process. http://www.corestandards.org/about-the-standards/development-process/

Cooke, R. A. & Rousseau, D. M. (1988). Behavioral norms and expectations: A quantitative approach to the assessment of organizational culture. Group & Organization Studies, 13(3), 245-273. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118801300302

Congressional Research Service. (2013). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act: A primer (CRS Report No. RL33960). https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL33960.html

Crawson, M. (2020, February 4). Hierarchical multiple regression using SPSS (February 2020) [Video]. https://youtu.be/RyDteu6E7HY

Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE. 

Culwell, C. & Carney, D. (2017). Impact of the 85th legislature on state accountability [Conference presentation]. TASA/TASB Convention. https://www.moakcasey.com/articles/viewarticledoc.aspx/TASA-TASB_Impact%20of%20the%2085th%20on%20State%20Accountability_Oct2017_FINAL%20POST_10-7-17.pdf?AID=17701&DID=14245

Dallas Area Habitat for Humanity. (2015). Dallas Map Book. https://media-exp1.licdn.com/dms/document/C562DAQGhGiUGQyzW1A/profile-treasury-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1584031310842?e=1612458000&v=beta&t=0xxX966BNg_yZXG7Yuve-3vGKjtLeqCwF0U3L1gvkS0

Dallas County Promise. (2021). About. https://dallascountypromise.org/about

Dallas ISD. (2019a). Panorama survey: Side-by-side comparison (grades 6-12). https://tei.dallasisd.org/download/8136/

Dallas ISD. (2019b). Panorama survey: Side-by-side comparison (grades 3-5). https://tei.dallasisd.org/download/8133/

Dallas ISD. (2020a). About John Leslie Patton, Jr. Academic Center. https://www.dallasisd.org/domain/2705

Dallas ISD. (2020b). Dallas ISD 18-19 las plan 90510 tea feedback.https://dallasisd.mycusthelp.com/WEBAPP/_rs/(S(xomvhw5m3jcow4njelhcv3og))/SupportHome.aspx?sSessionID=

Dallas ISD. (2020c). Dallas ISD campus staff engagement and support survey sample: Fall 2018 [Unpublished raw data]. https://dallasisd.mycusthelp.com/WEBAPP/_rs/(S(xomvhw5m3jcow4njelhcv3og))/SupportHome.aspx?sSessionID=

Dallas ISD. (2020d). Dallas ISD parent guardian satisfaction survey results: Spring 2019 [Unpublished raw data]. https://dallasisd.mycusthelp.com/WEBAPP/_rs/(S(xomvhw5m3jcow4njelhcv3og))/SupportHome.aspx?sSessionID=

Dallas ISD. (2020e). 2019 local accountability system manual.https://www.dallasisd.org/cms/lib/TX01001475/Centricity/Domain/16840/2019%20Local%20Accountability%20System%20Manual%20FINAL.pdf

Dallas ISD. (2020f). LAS/state accountability report cards. https://www.dallasisd.org/Page/66873

Dallas ISD. (2020g). Climate Survey 18-19 [Unpublished raw data]. https://dallasisd.mycusthelp.com/WEBAPP/_rs/(S(xomvhw5m3jcow4njelhcv3og))/SupportHome.aspx?sSessionID=

Davis, G. (2017, December 19). Dallas ISD 2018-2019 calendar. https://thehub.dallasisd.org/2017/12/19/see-the-approved-dallas-isd-calendar-for-2018-2019-school-year/

Davis, M. H., Mac Iver, M. A., Balfanz, R. W., Stein, M. L., & Fox, J. H. (2019). Implementation of an early warning indicator and intervention system. Preventing School Failure, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2018.1506977

Deal, T. & Peterson, K. (2016). Shaping school culture: Pitfalls, paradoxes, and promises (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

DeVos, B., Nielsen, K. M., Azar, A. M., & Whittaker, M. (2018). Final report of the federal commission on school safety. Presented to the President of the United States. https://www2.ed.gov/documents/school-safety/school-safety-report.pdf

District of Columbia Public Schools. (2019). DCPS at a glance: Enrollment. https://dcps.dc.gov/node/966292

Domina, T., Pharris-Ciurej, N., Penner, A. M., Penner, E. K., Brummet, Q., Porter, S. R., & Sanabria, T. (2018). Is free and reduced-price lunch a valid measure of educational disadvantage? Educational Researcher, 47(9), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0013189X18797609

Education Service Center Region XIII. (n.d.) School improvement. https://esc13.net/statewide-initiatives/school-improvement

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, 20 U.S.C. (1965). https://www2.ed.gov/documents/essa-act-of-1965.pdf

Elsaadi, H. (2015). The cost of education: An in depth look into Texas's education funding system over the last two decades. Texas A&M Journal of Property Law, 2, 341-385. https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/journal-of-property-law/vol2/iss3/1

Erichsen, K., & Reynolds, J. (2019). Public school accountability, workplace culture, and teacher morale. Social Science Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102347

Every Student Succeeds Act, 20 U.S.C. § 6301 (2015). https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ95/PLAW-114publ95.pdf

Florida Department of Education. (2019a). English language learners (code ly) by district by race/ethnicity 2018-19, final survey 2 [Data set]. http://www.fldoe.org/accountability/data-sys/edu-info-accountability-services/pk-12-public-school-data-pubs-reports/archive.stml

Florida Department of Education. (2019b). Lunch status by district (for federal funding) 2018-19, final survey 2 [Data set]. http://www.fldoe.org/accountability/data-sys/edu-info-accountability-services/pk-12-public-school-data-pubs-reports/archive.stml

Florida Department of Education. (2019c). Total enrollment/membership by district by race/ethnicity 2018-19, final survey 2 [Data set]. http://www.fldoe.org/accountability/data-sys/edu-info-accountability-services/pk-12-public-school-data-pubs-reports/archive.stml

Fredricks, J. A., Reschly, A. L., & Christenson, S. L. (2019a). Interventions for student engagement: Overview and state of the field. In J. A. Fredricks, A. L. Reschly, & S. L. Christenson’s (Eds.), Handbook of student engagement interventions: Working with disengaged students (pp. 1-11). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813413-9.00001-2

Fredricks, J. A., Reschly, A. L., & Christenson, S. L. (2019b). Conclusion: Status of student engagement interventions. In J. A. Fredricks, A. L. Reschly, & S. L. Christenson’s (Eds.), Handbook of student engagement interventions: Working with disengaged students (pp. 375-389). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813413-9.00025-5

Fredricks, J. A., Wang, M.-T., Schall Linn, J., Hofkens, T. L., Sung, H., Parr, A., & Allerton, J. (2016). Using qualitative methods to develop a survey measure of math and science engagement. Learning and Instruction, 43, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.01.009

Fredricks, J. A., Ye, F., Wang, M.-T., & Brauer, S. (2019). Profiles of school disengagement: Not all disengaged students are alike. In J. A. Fredricks, A. L. Reschly, & S. L. Christenson’s (Eds.), Handbook of student engagement interventions: Working with disengaged students (pp. 31-43). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813413-9.00003-6

García, E. & Weiss, E. (2019). U.S. schools struggle to hire and retain teachers. Economic Policy Institute. https://www.epi.org/publication/u-s-schools-struggle-to-hire-and-retain-teachers-the-second-report-in-the-perfect-storm-in-the-teacher-labor-market-series/

García, E. (2020). Schools are still segregated, and black children are paying a price. Economic Policy Institute. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED603475

Gerlach, B., Tennant, P., & McKerlie, K. (2018). Building capacity for restorative discipline in Texas: An evaluation of the Texas schools Restorative Discipline Project. The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Institute for Child & Family Wellbeing. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/RD_Final_Report_8.31.18_UT.pdf

Georgia Department of Education. (2019a). Free and reduced price meal eligibility [Data set]. https://oraapp.doe.k12.ga.us/ows-bin/owa/fte_pack_frl001_public.entry_form

Georgia Department of Education. (2019b). Student enrollment by grade level (pk-12) [Data set]. https://oraapp.doe.k12.ga.us/ows-bin/owa/fte_pack_enrollgrade.entry_form

Georgia Department of Education. (2019c). Enrollment by ethnicity/race and gender [Data set]. https://oraapp.doe.k12.ga.us/ows-bin/owa/fte_pack_ethnicsex_pub.entry_form

Geverdt, D. E., (2018). Education demographic and geographic estimates (EDGE) program: Geocodes: Public schools and local education agencies. Report number: NCES 2018-080. NCES and U.S. Department of Education. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/edge/docs/EDGE_GEOCODE_PUBLIC_FILEDOC.pdf

Goleman, D. (2011). Leadership that gets results. In On managing people (pp. 1-27). Harvard Business Review Press.

Grande, T. L. (2016, November 27). Interpreting output for multiple regression in SPSS. [Video]. https://youtu.be/WQeAsZxsXdQ

Guskey, T. R., & Bailey, J. M. (2001). Developing grading and reporting systems for student learning. Corwin Press.

Hansard, C. (2016). Searching for the missing piece: An examination of the constitutional language in Texas’s education clause that continues to fuel the puzzling school finance saga. Texas Tech Law Review—Online Edition, 48(1), 1-38. http://texastechlawreview.org/volume-48/

Hearnsberger, L. M. (2021). Does culture eat poverty for breakfast? exploring the role of engagement for achievement in U.S. schools (Order No. 28649275). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2563500433). Retrieved from https://lib.pepperdine.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lib.pepperdine.edu/dissertations-theses/does-culture-eat-poverty-breakfast-exploring-role/docview/2563500433/se-2?accountid=13159

Hendrick, C. (2019, May 21). Local accountability system (las) with TEA (presentation). Education Service Center Region 20.

Hernandez, R. & Zamora, R. (2018). The relationship between organizational health and student achievement in high poverty schools. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 17(11), 56-76. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17.11.5

Herzberg, F. (1974). Motivation-hygiene profiles: Pinpointing what ails the organization. Organizational dynamics, 3(2), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(74)90007-2

Herzberg, F. (2011). One more time: How do you motivate employees? In On managing people (pp. 29-50). Harvard Business Review Press.

Hill, W. (2015, April 24). Cross validation [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/I8T9tYpW_lQ

Hoffman, L. (2012). Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Eligibility Data in Ed" Facts": A White Paper on Current Status and Potential Changes. Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, U.S. Department of Education. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED556048

Hofkens, T. L., & Ruzek, E. (2019). Measuring student engagement to inform effective interventions in schools. In J. A. Fredricks, A. L. Reschly, & S. L. Christenson’s (Eds.), Handbook of student engagement interventions: Working with disengaged students (pp. 309-324). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813413-9.00021-8

House Bill 22. TEC § 39.053. (2017, June 15). https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/85R/billtext/html/HB00022F.htm

Idrovo, A. J. (2011). Three criteria for ecological fallacy. Environmental health perspectives, 119(8), A332. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103768

Illinois State Board of Education. (2019). Illinois report card: City of Chicago sd 299. https://www.illinoisreportcard.com/District.aspx?source=studentcharacteristics&Districtid=15016299025

Jung, T., Scott, T. Davies, H. T. O., Bower, P., Whalley, D., McNally, R., & Mannion, R. (2009). Instruments for exploring organizational culture: A review of the literature. Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1087-1096. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02066.x

Juvonen, J., Espinoza, G., & Knifsend, C. (2012). The role of peer relationships in student academic and extracurricular engagement. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie’s (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 387-401). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_18

Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard Business Review Press

Kotter, J. P. & Heskett, J. L. (1992). Corporate culture and performance. The Free Press.

Laerd Statistics. (n.d.-a). Hierarchical multiple regression: SPSS statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/premium/spss/hmr/hierarchical-multiple-regression-in-spss.php

Laerd Statistics. (n.d.-b). Multiple regression: SPSS statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/premium/spss/mr/multiple-regression-in-spss.php

Laerd Statistics. (n.d.-c). Transformations: SPSS statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/premium/spss/t/transformations-in-spss.php

Laerd Statistics, (n-d.-d). Pearson Product-Moment Correlation: SPSS Statistics. https://statistics.laerd.com/premium/spss/pc/pearson-correlation-in-spss-12.php

Lam, S., Wong, B. P. H., Yang, H., & Liu, Y. (2012). Understanding student engagement with a contextual model. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie’s (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 403-419). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_19

Lunenburg, F. C. (2017). Organizational structure and design. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 1(1), 21–43. https://go.southernct.edu/jelps/files/JELPS-Volume-1-Issue-1-1212017.pdf

MacNeil, A. J., Prater, D. L., & Busch, S. (2009). The effects of school culture and climate on student achievement. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120701576241

Marquez, M. (2019, September 25). The effective schools framework (ESF) overview: Titche campus culture rubric [Course exemplar]. Education Service Center Region 13. https://ecampus.esc13.net/show_class_info.html?classid=42025

Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Nagengast, B., Trautwein, U., Morin, A. J. S., Abduljabbar, A. S. & Köller, O. (2012). Classroom climate and contextual effects: Conceptual and methodological issues in the evaluation of group-level effects. Educational Psychologist, 47(2), 106-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2012.670488

Mintzberg, H. (1980). Structure in 5’s: A synthesis of the research on organization design. Management Science, 26(3), 322-341.

Mishook, J., Foley, E., Thompson, J., & Kubiak, M. (2008). Beyond test scores: Leading indicators for education. InUsing data for decisions (pp. 39-47). Annenberg Institute for School Reform, Voices in Urban Education. https://www.annenberginstitute.org/sites/default/files/VUE18.pdf

Morath, M. (2019, November 5). Commissioner’s remarks: Texas Assessment Conference [Speech].

Mordechay, K., Gándara, P., & Orfield, G. (2019). Embracing the effects of demographic change. Educational Leadership, 76(7), 34-40.

Mordechay, K., & Orfield, G. (2017). Demographic transformation in a policy vacuum: The changing face of U.S. metropolitan society and challenges for public schools. The Educational Forum, 81(2), 193-203.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (n.d.). Sputnik and the dawn of the space age. https://history.nasa.gov/sputnik.html

National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.) Fast facts: Title I schools. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=158

National Center for Education Statistics. (2020a). Results from the 2019 Mathematics and Reading Assessments at Grade 12. U.S. Department of Education and the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) [Data set]. https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/mathematics/supportive_files/2019_infographic_G12_math_reading.pdf

National Center for Education Statistics. (2020b). Common core of data: Public elementary/secondary school universe survey data, v.1a [Data set]. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/files.asp

National Governors Association & Council of Chief State School Officers. (2008). Benchmarking for Success: Ensuring U.S. Students Receive a World-Class Education. http://www.corestandards.org/assets/0812BENCHMARKING.pdf

New York State Education Department. (2019). NYC public schools enrollment (2018-19). https://data.nysed.gov/enrollment.php?year=2019&instid=7889678368

Ng, C., Bartlett, B., & Elliott, S. N. (2018). Empowering engagement: Creating learning opportunities for students from challenging backgrounds. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94652-8_1

Nichols, S. L. & Dawson, H. S. (2012). Assessment as a context for student engagement. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie’s (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 457-477). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_22

Northouse, P. G. (2019). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). SAGE.

Pajo, B. (2018). Introduction to research methods: A hands-on approach. SAGE.

Pennsylvania State University: Eberly College of Science. (2018). Applied regression analysis: Distinction between outliers and high leverage observations. https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat462/node/170/

Record, L. (2017). Tableau classroom training: Desktop I: Fundamentals. [Course materials]. Tableau. https://www.tableau.com/learn/classroom

Rentner, D. S., Scott, C., Kober, N., Chudowsky, N., Chudowsky, V., Joftus S., & Zabala, D. (2006). From the capital to the classroom: Year 4 of the No Child Left Behind act. The George Washington University Center for Education Policy. https://www.cep-dc.org/displayDocument.cfm?DocumentID=301

Reschly, A. L. & Christenson, S. L. (2012). Jingle, jangle, and conceptual haziness: Evolution and future directions of the engagement construct. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie’s (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 3-20). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_1

Ryan, S. V., Nathaniel, P., Pendergast, L. L., Saeki, E., Segool, N., & Schwing, S. (2017). Leaving the teaching profession: The role of teacher stress and educational accountability policies on turnover intent. Teaching and Teacher Education, 66, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.03.016

San Antonio Independent School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S.__(1973). https://www.loc.gov/item/usrep411001/

SAS Institute, Inc. (1999). SAS/QC user's guide: Comparison of P-P plots and Q-Q plots. http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/qc/chap8/sect9.htm

Schanfield, M. R., Chang, H. N., & Osher, D. M. (2019). Chronic absence: A sign to invest in conditions for learning. In J. A. Fredricks, A. L. Reschly, & S. L. Christenson’s (Eds.), Handbook of student engagement interventions: Working with disengaged students (pp. 183-198). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813413-9.00013-9

Schein, E. H. & Schein, P. (2017). Organizational culture and leadership (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 

Schlechty, P. C. (2011). Engaging students: The next level of working on the work. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.lib.pepperdine.edu

Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1). https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809

The School District of Philadelphia. (2019). School enrollment and demographics: Sy 2018-2019 [Data set]. https://www.philasd.org/performance/programsservices/open-data/school-information/#school_enrollment

Senate Bill 1. TEC § 37. (1995, May 30). https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/74R/billtext/html/SB00001F.htm 

Senate Bill 133. TEC § 37. (1997, June 19). https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/75R/billtext/html/SB00133F.HTM

Senate Bill 1451. TEC § 37. (2019, June 10). https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB01451F.HTM

Senge, P. M. (2000). Systems change in education. Reflections, 1(3), 52–60. https://lib.pepperdine.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=5323988&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Doubleday/Currency.

Senge, P. M., Kleiner, A, Roberts, C., Ross, R. B., & Smith, B. J. (1994). The fifth discipline fieldbook: Strategies and tools for building a learning organization. Doubleday.

Smithsonian National Museum of American History Behring Center. (n.d.) Mobilizing minds: Teaching math and science in the age of Sputnik. https://americanhistory.si.edu/mobilizing-minds/reform

State Board of Education. (1937). Report of the results of the Texas statewide school adequacy survey. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b385161

Statistics Solutions. (n.d.) Testing assumptions of linear regression in SPSS. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/testing-assumptions-of-linear-regression-in-spss/

Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (4th ed.). Taylor & Francis.

Suitts, S. (2013). A new majority update: Low income students in the South and nation. Southern Education Foundation. https://www.southerneducation.org/publications/newmajorityupdate/

Suitts, S. (2015). A new majority update: Low income students in the South and nation. Southern Education Foundation.https://www.southerneducation.org/publications/newmajorityresearchbulletin/

Swaby, A. & Cai, M. (2019, August 21). Texas schools with more student poverty got the most Ds and Fs in to state ratings. The Texas Tribune. https://www.ktsa.com/texas-schools-with-more-student-poverty-got-the-most-ds-and-fs-in-state-ratings/

Texas Classroom Teachers Association. (2014). Removing disruptive students from class. https://tcta.org/sites/tcta.org/files/removal_of_students_a_guide_for_members_0.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (n.d.-a). Education service centers. https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/other-services/education-service-centers

Texas Education Agency. (n.d.-b). PEIMS-overview. https://tea.texas.gov/Reports_and_/Data_Submission/PEIMS/PEIMS_-_Overview/

Texas Education Agency. (n.d.-c). Texas assessment: Understanding your child’s score. https://texasassessment.com/staar/families/understanding-the-test-score/

Texas Education Agency. (n.d.-d). TEA strategic plan. https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/welcome-and-overview/tea-strategic-plan

Texas Education Agency. (2004). Texas public schools sesquicentennial handbook. https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/welcome-and-overview/texas-public-schools-sesquicentennial-handbook

Texas Education Agency. (2017a). 2018-2019: Texas education data standards (TEDS).http://castro.tea.state.tx.us/tsds/teds/2019P/teds-ds1.0.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2017b). 2017 accountability manual for Texas public school districts and campuses. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2017AccountabilityManual_accessible.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2017c). HB 22 overview: Draft for discussion purposes only. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/ATA-06_HB%2022%20Overview%20One%20Pager.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2018a). The implementation of House Bill 22: Collaborating to build a better accountability system. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/A-F_Overview_fnl_v03_AR.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2018b). House Bill 22 2018 accountability FAQs. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/HB22%20FAQ_fnl.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2018c). House Bill 22 2018 accountability decisions framework. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2018AccountabilityDecisionsFramework.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2018d). 2018 annual report. https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/news-and-multimedia/annual-reports/annual-report-2018

Texas Education Agency. (2019a). STAAR resources. https://tea.texas.gov/Student_Testing_and_Accountability/Testing/State_of_Texas_Assessments_of_Academic_Readiness

Texas Education Agency. (2019b). Student testing and accountability. https://tea.texas.gov/Student_Testing_and_Accountability

Texas Education Agency. (2019c). 2019 Data download [Data set]. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/perfreport/account/2019/download.html

Texas Education Agency. (2019d). Texas academic performance report: 2017-18 state postsecondary outcomes yearly details. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/cgi/sas/broker?_service=marykay&_debug=0&single=N&batch=N&app=PUBLIC&ptype=H&_program=perfrept.perfmast.sas&level=state&search=distnum&namenum=&prgopt=2019/tapr/ps_outcomes.sas

Texas Education Agency. (2019e). A–f accountability system overview: Understanding a–f ratings in Texas. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/TXSchools_Districts_4-pager_final_acc_FORWEB_0.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2019f). Texas academic performance report: 2018-2019 district student information, Dallas ISD. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/cgi/sas/broker?_service=marykay&_debug=0&single=N&batch=N&app=PUBLIC&ptype=H&_program=perfrept.perfmast.sas&level=district&search=distnum&namenum=057905&prgopt=2019/tapr/student.sas

Texas Education Agency. (2019g). Academic accountability: House Public Education Committee [Meeting presentation].https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/3.%20A-F%20-%20FINAL%201.30%20%28accessible%29.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2019h). 2019 accountability manual. https://tea.texas.gov/texas-schools/accountability/academic-accountability/performance-reporting/2019-accountability-manual

Texas Education Agency. (2019i). Campus level annual discipline summary: PEIMS discipline data for 2018-2019 [Data set]. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/adhocrpt/Disciplinary_Data_Products/Download_All_Campuses.html

Texas Education Agency. (2019j). TSDS web-enabled data standards: C-165 disciplinary-action-reason-code.https://tealprod.tea.state.tx.us/TWEDS/66/283/502/0/CodeTable/List/8035

Texas Education Agency. (2019k). 2018-19 TAPR advanced data download [Data set]. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/perfreport/tapr/2019/download/DownloadData.html

Texas Education Agency. (2019l). 2018-2019 campus type data search [Data set]. https://tea.texas.gov/reports-and-data/school-data/campus-and-district-type-data-search

Texas Education Agency. (2019m). Effective schools framework: A clear vision for what districts and schools across the state do to ensure an excellent education for all Texas students. https://texasesf.org

Texas Education Agency. (2019n). ESF lever 3: Positive school culture. https://texasesf.org/framework/prioritized-lever-3/

Texas Education Agency. (2019o). Highlights of the 2018–19 local accountability system.https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/Highlights%20of%202018-19%20LAS%20Districts.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2019p). Comprehensive glossary: 2018–19 Texas academic performance report. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/perfreport/tapr/2019/glossary.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2019q). Texas academic performance report: 2018-2019 district student information, Snyder ISD. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/cgi/sas/broker?_service=marykay&_debug=0&single=N&batch=N&app=PUBLIC&ptype=H&_program=perfrept.perfmast.sas&level=district&search=distnum&namenum=208902&prgopt=2019/tapr/student.sas

Texas Education Agency. (2019r). 2019 accountability overview: Bryan Adams HS.https://txschools.gov/schools/057905001/overview

Texas Education Agency. (2019s). Local accountability systems (las).

Texas Education Agency. (2019t). 2019 annual report. https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/news-and-multimedia/annual-reports/annual-report

Texas Education Agency. (2020a). Discipline summary reports. https://tea.texas.gov/reports-and-data/student-data/discipline-data-products/discipline-summary-reports

Texas Education Agency. (2020b). Current schools [Data set]. https://tea-texas.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/6cf4436417ff43d0a6e741dc83339ae2_0/data?selectedAttribute=DisplayX

Texas Education Agency. (2020c). TEKS review and revision. https://tea.texas.gov/academics/curriculum-standards/teks-review/teks-review-and-revision

Texas Education Agency. (2020d). Local accountability system: Frequently asked questions. https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/TXschools_FAQ%202020%20Update_v02_fnl.pdf

Texas Education Agency. (2020e). Campus level annual discipline summary: PEIMS discipline data for 2019-2020 [Data set]. https://rptsvr1.tea.texas.gov/adhocrpt/Disciplinary_Data_Products/Download_All_Campuses.html

Texas Education Agency. (2020f). TEA mission and responsibilities. https://tea.texas.gov/texas-schools/general-information/tea-mission-and-responsibilities

Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. (n.d.). “The case for a postsecondary credential.” http://www.60x30tx.com/why-60x30tx/

Texas Legislative Council. (1995). Texas legislature summary of enactments: 74th legislature, regular session, 1995. University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History. https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth653602/

Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D'Alessa, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83(3), 357-385. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24434163

Tompkins, T. C. & Rhodes, K. (2012). Groupthink and the ladder of inference: Increasing effective decision making. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 8(2), 84-90. http://www.hraljournal.com/Page/11%20Tompkins%20Rhodes-2.pdf

University of California Los Angeles: Statistical Consulting Group. (n.d.-a). Regression with SPSS chapter 1: Simple and multiple regression. https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/webbooks/reg/chapter1/regressionwith-spsschapter-1-simple-and-multiple-regression/

University of California Los Angeles: Statistical Consulting Group. (n.d.-b). SPSS web books regression with SPSS chapter 2: Regression diagnostics. https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/webbooks/reg/chapter2/spss-webbooksregressionwith-spsschapter-2-regression-diagnostics/

University of California Los Angeles: Statistical Consulting Group. (n.d.-c). Introduction to regression with SPSS lesson 2: SPSS regression diagnostics. https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/seminars/introduction-to-regression-with-spss/introreg-lesson2/#s2

Urdan, T. C. (2010). Statistics in plain English (4th ed.). Routledge.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019). Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas population totals and components of change: 2010-2019. https://www.census.gov/content/census/en/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html

U.S. Congress House Committee on Education and Labor. (1958). National defense education act: Report to accompany h.r. 13247 (Ser. 85th cong., 2d sess. house of representatives. report, no. 2157). http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16394558.html

U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid Office. (n.d.-a). Federal Pell Grants are usually awarded only to undergraduate students. https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/types/grants/pell

U.S. Department of Education, The National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments. (n.d.-b) School Climate Improvement. https://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/school-climate-improvement

U.S. Department of Education. (2002). No child left behind: A desktop reference.https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/account/nclbreference/reference.pdf

U.S. Department of Education. (2017). Every student succeeds act: Assessments under title I, part a & title I, part b: Summary of final regulations. https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essaassessmentfactsheet1207.pdf

U.S. Department of Education. (2018a). A leak in the stem pipeline: Taking algebra early. https://www2.ed.gov/datastory/stem/algebra/index.html

U.S. Department of Education. (2018b). Summary table of office of safe and healthy students approved school climate surveys. The National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments. https://safesupportivelearning.ed.gov/sites/default/files/Summary%20Table%20of%20OSHS%20Approved%20School%20Climate%20Surveys_10.22.18_0.pdf

U.S. Department of Education. (2018c). Civil rights data collection: 2017-2018 [Data set]. https://ocrdata.ed.gov/resources/downloaddatafile

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. (2019). Applications for new awards; School climate transformation grant program: Local educational agency grants. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/06/10/2019-12101/applications-for-new-awards-school-climate-transformation-grant-program-local-educational-agency

U.S. Department of Education. (2020). EDFacts datafiles [Data set]. https://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/edfacts/data-files/index.html

U.S. National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform: A report to the nation and the secretary of education, United States Department of Education. Washington, D.C.: National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004170224

Villa, J. (2017). Tableau classroom training: Desktop II: Intermediate. [Course materials]. Tableau. https://www.tableau.com/learn/classroom

Wang, W., Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDougall, P., Krygsman, A., Smith, D., Cunningham, C. E., Haltigan, J. D. & Hymel, S. (2014). School climate, peer victimization, and academic achievement: Results from a multi-informant study. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 360–377. https://doi-org.lib.pepperdine.edu/10.1037/spq0000084

Wang, M.-T. & Degol, J. L. (2014). Staying engaged: Knowledge and research needs in student engagement. Child Development Perspectives, 8(3), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12073

Wang, M.-T. & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educational Psychology Review 28(2), 315-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9319-1

Weimer, D. L., & Vining, A. R. (2017). Policy analysis: Concepts and practice. Routledge.

Wexler, N. (2018, April 13). Why American students haven’t gotten better at reading in 20 years. The Atlantic.https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/04/-american-students-reading/557915/

White, M. (2019). The top 10 largest U.S. cities by population. Move, Inc. https://www.moving.com/tips/the-top-10-largest-us-cities-by-population/

Yazzie-Mintz, E. & McCormick, K. (2012). Finding the humanity in the data: Understanding, measuring, and strengthening student engagement. In S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, & C. Wylie’s (Eds.), Handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 743-761). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_36

Zamora, R. & Hernandez, R. (2016). The impact of organizational health on student achievement in a high needs district. Journal of Studies in Education, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5296/jse.v6i3.9904